We chose field experiments as a sample because they are widely regarded as the most valid method to assess discrimination. We analyzed data from 24 field experiments, which included data from more than 54,000 applications across more than 25,000 positions. We focused on experiments performed since 1990, when field studies became more numerous and their methodologically improved. However, in our recent study, published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, we were able to analyze trends in discrimination by performing a meta-analysis from all available field experiments pertaining to one area: racial discrimination in hiring. And until recently we have not had much information that we could use to reliably assess changes in discrimination over time. Polling data shows that many believe these lingering conflicts represent the actions of a few bad apples and aren’t in sync with the larger trend toward systemic racial equality.Īre these beliefs accurate? What do we know about long-term trends in racial discrimination?ĭiscrimination, given how it often manifests subtly, is notoriously difficult to measure in any context. And yet even as we are confronted with dramatic examples of ongoing racial tensions, most white Americans remain convinced that race is no longer central to one’s opportunities in life. It has lately emerged with new urgency around discussions of policing, immigration, First Amendment rights, and even professional football. Race is often at the forefront of American conversation. For blacks, however, researchers found no change in hiring rates over time. Due to the small number of field experiments including Latinos, statistical tests indicate the evidence of decline is inconclusive. ![]() ![]() When it comes to Latinos, there is some evidence of a decline in discrimination over the past 25 years. Since 1990 white applicants received, on average, 36% more callbacks than black applicants and 24% more callbacks than Latino applicants with otherwise identical résumés. Are these beliefs accurate? While it’s often difficult to measure levels of discrimination over time, research into hiring discrimination shows that black Americans still face discrimination in the hiring process. A meta-analysis of callback rates from all existing field experiments (24 total, including data from more than 54,000 applications across more than 25,000 positions) showed evidence of discrimination against both black and Latino applicants. Many white Americans believe that race is no longer central to one’s opportunities in life, and that we’re well on our way to systemic racial equality.
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